Introduction: Literature is rife with discordant results regarding the use of antiepileptic drugs for prophylaxis of Post-traumatic epilepsy. This study was conducted in Isfahan hospitals to compare the effectiveness of Sodium Valproate and Levetiracetam in preventing early seizures in patients with traumatic brain injuries.
Method: A total of 160 patients with traumatic brain injury treated in Kashani Hospital (Isfahan, Iran) from 2024 to 2025 were enrolled and divided into group A (n=80) and group B (n=80) according to random sampling. The medication was continued for 3 months after the injury.
Result: There were no statistically significant differences in demographic and clinical information between the two groups (P>0.05). We failed to determine a significant relationship between the antiepileptic drug used and the initial EEG (P=0.584) and seizure activity (P= 0.680) between the two drug groups. However, a significant correlation between the antiepileptic drug used and seizure activity was found at subsequent follow-ups (10, 180 days); patients who took levetiracetam had a decreased incidence of seizure activity at follow-ups. There was no significant correlation between the GCS score, both initially and on two follow-ups, and the antiepileptic drug used.
Conclusion: Logically, it would seem that the long-lasting high risk of epilepsy after brain injury might be reduced if prophylactic antiepileptic drugs are administered. Looked specifically at prophylactic antiepileptic drugs post-TBI and reported a better safety profile, with a lower adverse drug reaction rate, for Levetiracetam versus Sodium Valproate.