Introduction: Patients with head injuries are considered the most challenging group of trauma victims. Head traumas are the most dangerous type of trauma and affect all economic, financial, social, and emotional aspects of the individual, family, and community. Providing continuous care creates chronic stress for the caregivers of these patients, jeopardizing their self-efficacy and quality of life.  This study was conducted to develop and implement a self-management program based on the five-A model and examine its impact on the self-efficacy of caregivers for patients with head trauma.
Method: This clinical trial, of a quasi-experimental type, was conducted as a pre-test and post-test design at Shohada-ye Haftom-e Tir Hospital, affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences. In this research, 70 caregivers of patients with head trauma who met the inclusion criteria were selected using a convenience sampling method. Simultaneously with continuous sampling, the allocation of research units into two groups, test and control, was carried out using a four-block randomization method. The self-efficacy questionnaire was completed by both the test and control groups before the intervention and three months after the intervention. The caregivers in the test group participated in eight face-to-face 60-minute self-management training sessions. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21, employing statistical tests including the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and paired t-test.
Results: Prior to the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in mean self-efficacy between the test and control groups. However, after three months of self-management training based on the Five-A model, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (p = 0.04). Additionally, in the test group, a statistically significant difference was observed in self-efficacy scores and their dimensions before the intervention and three months after it (p = 0.003).
Conclusion: The implementation of a self-management program based on the Five A's model can improve the self-efficacy of caregivers for patients with traumatic brain injuries. Interventions such as self-management educational programs can assist caregivers of patients, especially those with traumatic brain injuries, and enhance their self-efficacy, quality of care, and quality of life.