Introduction: To evaluate the prevalence of substance abuse in orthopedic patients referred to a specialized orthopedic surgery center in Iran. Substance abuse is a significant public health issue in many societies, leading to various physical, mental, and social problems. To address this concern, it is crucial to raise awareness and knowledge about the prevalence of substance and alcohol abuse, as well as to study the factors that contribute to its development. This issue is critical in Iran, which is one of the centers for opioid consumption globally. Previous studies have estimated that between 700,000 and 4,000,000 individuals are struggling with addiction in Iran, with a reported prevalence of substance abuse at approximately 2.7%.
Methods: After creating a checklist for data collection, we gathered information on patients' demographics, marital status, type of substance used, occupational status, type of surgical procedure, and length of hospitalization. Data related to substance use was collected privately in the operating room before anesthesia was administered, while the other information was collected in the orthopedic ward.
Results: Among the 292 patients surveyed, 74.3% were male, and 25.7% were female, with an average age of 41 (± 17.9 years). The assessment revealed that 42.1% of the patients were smokers, while 30.1% reported using hookah. Additionally, alcohol use was reported by 27.7% of the patients, and 24% were identified as substance abusers. The data indicated that males, individuals with higher education, and those who were employed were significantly more susceptible to substance abuse. Traumatic patients, especially those involved in motorcycle-related accidents or with fractures, exhibited a higher history of substance abuse compared to other groups. Furthermore, the duration of hospitalization was notably longer for substance abusers.
Conclusion: The rate of substance and alcohol abuse has increased in Iran recently. Opium remains the most commonly used drug, followed by cannabis. It is essential to implement preventive measures to reduce substance abuse in the country.