Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma Research Trauma Monthly 2251-7464 31 2 2026 04 01 Nano Zeolite Mitigates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Carrageenan Induced Nonbacterial Prostatitis in Rats 1737 1749 245958 10.30491/tm.2026.533587.1853 EN Nastaran Danaee Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran Hamid Reza Moslemi Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. Hesam Eskafian Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran Hadi Tabesh Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mahmood Ahmadi Hamedani Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran Journal Article 2025 07 10 Introduction: Inflammatory prostatitis (IP) is a common clinical condition associated with persistent pelvic pain, inflammation, and increased oxidative stress, all of which negatively affect male quality of life and reproductive function. Given the limited effectiveness of existing therapeutic interventions, this study presents the first methodological analysis of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of zeolite (ZEO) in a carrageenan-induced IP rat model. Method: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five experimental groups: Sham, IP, Cernilton, ZEO-IP, and ZEO-Oral. Prostatitis was induced by carrageenan injection, and the corresponding treatments were administered over three weeks. Serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histopathological analysis was performed to assess inflammatory infiltration, epithelial hyperplasia, and local hyperemia in prostate tissue. Result: The highest levels of PSA, IL-6, and IL-17 were observed in the IP group, whereas the ZEO-treated groups showed reductions in these markers. However, these reductions were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed that the severe inflammation observed in the IP group was reduced in the ZEO-treated groups, particularly in the ZEO-Oral group. Conclusion: ZEO demonstrated a promising therapeutic effect in IP, improving prostatic architecture by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Notably, histopathological analysis showed greater resolution of inflammatory pathology, hyperplasia, and hyperemia in ZEO-treated cohorts compared to changes in quantitative biomarkers such as PSA, IL-6, and IL-17. Although these biomarker reductions were not statistically significant, they suggest that ZEO may serve as a complementary treatment for IP. Further research is warranted to confirm its clinical efficacy.

https://www.traumamon.com/article_245958_1f7a2469a7eb934d04e5f71794174c2e.pdf

Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma Research Trauma Monthly 2251-7464 31 2 2026 04 01 Development of a Novel Aantibiotic-loaded Cemented Dynamic Hip Screw Using Silicone Mold for Treating Infected Intertrochanteric Fracture: A Case Report 1750 1756 245959 10.30491/tm.2026.561246.1906 EN Ismaeil Garivani Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Khatam ol anbia Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran Negin Armide Student research committee, School of Medicine, Imam Ali Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran Mohamad Amin Younessi Heravi Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran 0000-0002-7960-3095 Journal Article 2025 11 21 We report the case of a 71-year-old woman who sustained an intertrochanteric fracture after a simple fall. She initially underwent gamma nail fixation; however, implant failure and deep infection led to multiple revision surgeries. Despite prolonged antibiotic treatment, the infection persisted for eight months, making hardware removal necessary. To maintain stability while treating the infection, we used a custom-made, antibiotic-loaded cemented dynamic hip screw (DHS). This device was fabricated using a specially designed silicone mold. After two months, the infection cleared, allowing definitive reconstruction with a long-stem arthroplasty. The patient recovered well, regained function, and showed no signs of recurrent infection. This case highlights the challenges of managing recurrent implant failure and deep infection in intertrochanteric fractures. Furthermore, the use of cost-effective, reusable silicone molds for fabricating antibiotic-loaded implants appears to be a promising technique for orthopedic infection management.

https://www.traumamon.com/article_245959_9b61e20d2a05fdb875e4de3819629bf1.pdf

Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma Research Trauma Monthly 2251-7464 31 2 2026 04 01 Development and Implementation of a Self-Management Program Based On the Five-A Model and Its Impact On the Self-Efficacy of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury 1757 1767 245960 10.30491/tm.2025.547090.1878 EN Shirin Nasrolahnejhad Tasouj Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-9544-2239 Asghar Dalvandi Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (USWR, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-8762-7591 Jamileh Mohtashami Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-6604-9702 Journal Article 2025 09 14 Introduction: Patients with head injuries are considered the most challenging category of trauma victims, accounting for the second highest mortality rate in the country and the greatest loss of active years of life. The disabilities caused by these injuries have a significant impact on individuals’ self-efficacy. This study aimed to develop and implement a self-management program based on the Five A’s model and to assess its impact on the self-efficacy of patients with head trauma. Method: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at Shohadaye Haftome Tir Hospital, which is affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences. The study employed a pre-test and post-test design. A total of 70 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected using a convenience sampling method. The self-efficacy questionnaire was completed by both the intervention and control groups prior to the intervention and at the three-month follow-up. Patients in the intervention group participated in eight 60-minute face-to-face self-management training sessions. Result: The patients in the intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant enhancement in self-efficacy and its constituent dimensions following the intervention, compared to the pre-intervention period (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed in self-efficacy or its dimensions in the control group before and after the intervention. Partial eta-squared values were used to evaluate the magnitude of the intervention’s impact. According to Cohen’s classification, an effect size of 0.01 is considered small, 0.06 medium, and 0.14 large. A statistically significant difference was observed in self-efficacy and its dimensions between the two groups following the intervention, with the mean self-efficacy score in the intervention group being significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of a self-management program based on the Five A’s model has the potential to enhance the self-efficacy of patients with traumatic brain injuries. Interventions such as educational self-management programs can provide support to these patients, thereby improving their self-efficacy, quality of care, and overall quality of life.

https://www.traumamon.com/article_245960_b6d181ea018a91c7e69e96f80d721400.pdf

Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma Research Trauma Monthly 2251-7464 31 2 2026 04 01 The Frequency of Low Back and Knee Musculoskeletal Disorders Based on Clinical Examination and Radiographic Findings Among Naval Personnel of the First Maritime Region 1768 1773 245961 10.30491/tm.2025.559908.1904 EN Mohammad Nobakht Department of Emergency Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-5092-4506 Mohammad Reza Mansouri Rad Marine Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Askari School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Journal Article 2025 11 15 Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most common causes of disability worldwide, particularly affecting the lower back and knees. Military personnel are at greater risk due to the physically demanding nature of their duties. This study aimed to determine the frequency and characteristics of low back and knee musculoskeletal disorders based on clinical and radiographic findings among naval personnel of the First Maritime Region. Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 217 naval personnel were evaluated using demographic and occupational questionnaires, physical examinations, and radiographic assessments. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 with descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square and Pearson correlation tests, at a significance level of p < 0.05. Result: The mean age of participants was 35.9 ± 6.8 years, and mean BMI was 25.7 ± 3.2 kg/m². Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 50.7% of participants: 22.6% in the lower back, 12.9% in the knees, and 15.2% in both areas. The most frequent lumbar diagnoses were muscle spasm (16.6%) and disc herniation (11.1%), while knee osteoarthritis (5.1%) and soft tissue injuries (11.5%) were most common. Significant relationships were found between demographic variables (gender, marital status, education) and pain characteristics or treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: MSDs of the lower back and knee are prevalent among naval personnel. Preventive ergonomic strategies, structured exercise programs, and early rehabilitation should be implemented to reduce disability and maintain operational readiness.

https://www.traumamon.com/article_245961_288601da47795d2a2d3f20e29eb49496.pdf

Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma Research Trauma Monthly 2251-7464 31 2 2026 04 01 The Role of Hydration, Electrolyte Balance, and Diet in Preventing Heatstroke among Arbaeen Pilgrims: A Systematic Review 1774 1789 245963 10.30491/tm.2026.570249.1917 EN Mohammad Taghi Bastami Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-2143-2107 PirHossein Kolivand Research Center for health Management Mass Gathernig Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Ameneh Marzban Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-8111-3319 Mostafa Modareszadeh Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shandiz Moslehi Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2026 01 02 Introduction: Arbaeen is one of the world's largest religious gatherings, during which millions of pilgrims walk long distances under extreme heat conditions, increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses such as heatstroke, dehydration, and exhaustion. Adequate hydration, electrolyte balance, and proper nutrition are therefore essential for maintaining physical performance and preventing health complications. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the role of hydration, electrolyte balance, and diet in preventing heatstroke among Arbaeen pilgrims. Method: This systematic review searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, MagIran, and SID for relevant Persian and English studies published up to May 25, 2025. Official reports and documents from international organizations, including the WHO, CDC, FEMA, IFRC, UN, and FAO, were also reviewed. The review process followed PRISMA guidelines, and qualitative content analysis was used to synthesize the extracted data. Result: A total of 9,913 records were identified, of which 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The findings were categorized into five main themes, 14 categories, and 28 subcategories. Major themes included factors contributing to heatstroke among pilgrims, the role of hydration and nutrition in thermoregulation, the importance of fluid and electrolyte intake during extreme heat exposure, the impact of diet on physical and mental performance, and strategies to improve hydration and dietary practices during the Arbaeen pilgrimage. Evidence indicated that adequate fluid intake, electrolyte replacement (particularly sodium and potassium), and balanced dietary patterns reduce dehydration, fatigue, and thermal stress while improving endurance and overall well-being. Conclusion: Hydration, electrolyte balance, and proper nutrition play a critical role in preventing heatstroke among Arbaeen pilgrims. Culturally appropriate nutritional strategies and hydration practices can enhance pilgrims' safety and physical resilience during this demanding journey. Further field-based and longitudinal studies are recommended to develop evidence-based health guidelines for mass religious gatherings.

https://www.traumamon.com/article_245963_26c912720a9d29bc942de1e181acf9e7.pdf

Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma Research Trauma Monthly 2251-7464 31 2 2026 04 01 Regenerative Effects of Scrophularia Striata and Adipose Tissue–Derived Stem Cells on Dental Pulp Tissue: An Animal Model 1790 1805 240694 10.30491/tm.2026.571330.1919 EN Arezoo Liaghat Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behnam Bolhari Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samira Hajisadeghi Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masood Ghorbani Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahmood Salesi Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Narges Marefati Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Bahari Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-3205-1235 Journal Article 2026 01 07 Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effects of Scrophularia striata and adipose tissue–derived stem cells on the expression of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes during pulp tissue regeneration. Methods: The methanolic extract of Scrophularia striata was prepared by maceration (Scro). Adipose tissue was harvested from the bilateral inguinal region of rats that did not undergo surgery, and adipose-derived stem cells (SC) were isolated and characterized. Pulp inflammation was induced in the rats, and pulpectomy was performed at the end of the second week. After placement of a triple-antibiotic paste for 2 weeks, regenerative treatment with drugs and materials was performed. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 4/group): (1) control (blood clot only), (2) Scrophularia alone (Scro), (3) stem cells alone (SC), and (4) Scrophularia + stem cells (SC+Scro). One to four weeks after tooth filling, the dental pulp was harvested from the animals. Real-time PCR was used to measure the expression levels of KLF4, MCP-1, and BDNF genes. Results: The highest level of KLF4 expression was observed in the SC group (P = 0.001), which was significantly reduced in the SC+Scro group compared with the SC group (P = 0.001). Injection of Scro significantly decreased MCP-1 gene expression compared with the control group (P = 0.001). Injection of Scro, SC, and SC+Scro significantly increased BDNF gene expression compared with the control group (P = 0.001). The highest BDNF expression was observed in the Scro group (P = 0.001), which was significantly reduced in the SC+Scro group compared with the Scro and SC groups (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Application of the Scro extract increased the expression of KLF4 and BDNF genes and decreased MCP-1 expression. Application of the Scro+SC combination increased the expression of KLF4, BDNF, and MCP-1 genes.

https://www.traumamon.com/article_240694_6f2c73b702e8b5da203c1e0d5fec8d88.pdf

Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma Research Trauma Monthly 2251-7464 31 2 2026 04 01 Comparative in Vitro Analysis of Milled vs. 3D-Printed Zirconia for Emergency Dental Splints: The Effect of Printing Angle on Optical Properties. 1806 1815 245992 10.30491/tm.2026.574907.1920 EN Elham Moghadas Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of prosthodontics, School of dentistry, Baqiyatallah University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Nazila Najari Specialist in Prosthodontics, Private office Elahe Tahmassebi Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-1584-3735 Journal Article 2026 02 09 Introduction: To evaluate the optical properties of zirconia fabricated via milling and 3D printing for urgent dental restoration in trauma and reconstructive care, focusing on the impact of printing orientation—a critical parameter for point-of-care, patient-specific manufacturing. Method: In this in vitro study, eighty zirconia specimens were fabricated using four methods relevant to digital workflows: conventional milling (control) and digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing at 0°, 45°, and 90° build orientations (n = 20 per group). Key aesthetic parameters—translucency parameter (TP) and surface gloss—were measured using a spectrophotometer and glossmeter, respectively, both before and after simulated clinical aging (10,000 thermocycles). Result: Translucency was not significantly affected by fabrication method or aging (p > 0.05). In contrast, surface gloss was significantly reduced by thermocycling in all groups (p < 0.001) and was dependent on the manufacturing technique (p = 0.019). Milled zirconia demonstrated the highest gloss. Among 3D-printed specimens, the 0° orientation yielded significantly higher gloss than the 45° or 90° orientations. Conclusion: For aesthetic dental restoration in trauma care, 3D-printed zirconia can match the translucency stability of milled standards. However, its surface gloss is inferior and highly sensitive to printing angle. To integrate efficient, patient-specific 3D printing into emergency digital workflows, protocols must be optimized—favoring lower print angles (e.g., 0°)—to minimize post-processing and expedite the delivery of definitive, aesthetically satisfactory restorations.

https://www.traumamon.com/article_245992_b2e4aa72521e5dc195a4f3a7658be185.pdf