Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma Research Trauma Monthly 2251-7464 31 1 2026 01 01 Double Density Foot Orthoses Altered Ground Reaction Force Characteristics and the Lower Limb Muscular Activities in Adults with Pronated Feet During Walking: A Clinical Trial Study 1666 1675 244302 10.30491/tm.2025.535252.1854 EN Ebrahim Piri Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran 0000-0001-9188-9746 Vahid Sobhani Exercise Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Amir Ali Jafarnezhadgero Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Alireza Shamsoddini Exercise Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ehsan Arabzadeh Exercise Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-2907-9798 Saeid Alihosseini Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Journal Article 2025 07 17 Introduction: Investigation of ground reaction forces and electromyographic activity can help clinicians examine mechanical changes in the feet of individuals in pronation during rehabilitation. Method: Twenty adult males with pronated feet and twenty healthy adult males volunteered to participate in this study. A force plate was embedded in the middle of an 18-m walkway to collect ground reaction forces. Muscle activity was recorded using an EMG system. Ground reaction forces and lower limb muscle activities were recorded during walking with and without foot orthoses. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. Result: Paired-wise comparison demonstrated lower peak medial ground reaction force, peak anterior and posterior ground reaction forces, peak negative free moment, and time-to-peak of medial ground reaction force during walking with foot orthoses than without them. Results did not show any significant group-by-foot orthoses interactions for ground reaction force components during walking. Significant group-by-time interactions were found for rectus femoris activities. Post-hoc analysis demonstrated lower rectus femoris activity in the healthy group and greater rectus femoris activity during loading phases while walking with foot orthoses compared with without them. Conclusion: Double-density foot orthoses can effectively alter ground reaction forces and muscle activations in individuals with pronated feet, potentially reducing the risk of injury and improving walking mechanics.

https://www.traumamon.com/article_244302_4d246a4a2ee24935d5162fa6af432eff.pdf

Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma Research Trauma Monthly 2251-7464 31 1 2026 01 01 Development of a Predictive Model for Hip Dislocation Following Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Spinal Disorders 1676 1685 243073 10.30491/tm.2025.532396.1851 EN Mehrdad Zamani Faculty member of Tabriz University of medical science, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of medical science, Tabriz, Iran Aran Nikpay Faculty member of Tabriz University of medical science, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of medical science, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0003-3155-878X Mohammadreza Hashemi Aghdam Faculty member of Tabriz University of medical science, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of medical science, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0003-0658-031X Ali Dezhpasand Faculty member of Tabriz University of medical science, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of medical science, Tabriz, Iran Alireza Sadeghpour Faculty member of Tabriz University of medical science, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz University of medical science, Tabriz, Iran 0000-0003-0585-4470 Journal Article 2025 07 05 Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an effective treatment for advanced hip conditions, yet postoperative dislocation remains a significant complication, especially in patients with spinal disorders. Altered spinopelvic alignment and reduced spinal mobility can lead to prosthetic instability. Given the growing prevalence of coexisting conditions, this study aimed to develop a predictive model to identify individuals at increased risk of hip dislocation after THA with spinal abnormalities. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over 10 years, until 2023, at Shohada Hospital, including 225 patients (75 with spinal disorders and 150 controls) who experienced hip dislocation after total hip arthroplasty. Key variables, including demographic data, surgical factors, comorbidities, and medication history, were analyzed. Result: In this study, two predictive models were developed to assess the postoperative risk of hip dislocation in patients with spinal disorders. Model I, based on logistic regression, included 14 variables and showed moderate discrimination (C-index=0.67) but limited calibration and low R² (0.04). Model II, using elastic net regression, selected nine key predictors—including hip rotation, anemia, BMI 30–35, and certain medications—and achieved better discrimination (AUC=0.73), though with similarly low explanatory power (R²=0.02). Conclusion: This study identified demographic variables (age, BMI), clinical factors (history of psychosis, preoperative anemia), surgical parameters (type of femoral fixation, preoperative hip internal rotation, surgical indication), and medication use (antiepileptic drugs, muscle relaxants, antidiabetic medications) as significant predictors of postoperative hip dislocation risk following total hip arthroplasty in patients with spinal disorders.

https://www.traumamon.com/article_243073_4f5635038fd3d89953970d8921c7bc42.pdf

Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma Research Trauma Monthly 2251-7464 31 1 2026 01 01 Long-term Effect of Training on Different Surfaces on Knee Muscular Co-Contraction During Running in Individuals with Over-Pronated Feet 1686 1700 244303 10.30491/tm.2025.545695.1876 EN AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran 0000-0002-2739-4340 Fariborz Imani Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran 0009-0002-5765-1771 Raha Noroozi Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Hamed Sheikhalizadeh Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran 0000-0002-5788-4447 Journal Article 2025 09 07 Introduction: Over-pronated feet (OPF) are associated with altered lower-limb mechanics and elevated injury risk during running. Long-term training on different sport surfaces may modulate neuromuscular control, including knee muscular co-contraction; however, surface-specific adaptations in individuals with OPF remain insufficiently characterized. To determine the long-term effects of training on natural grass, artificial turf, and synthetic surfaces on knee muscular co-contraction during running in individuals with OPF. Method: In this randomized controlled trial (IRCT20170806035517N5), thirty-two adults (aged 18–30 years) with clinically diagnosed OPF were randomly allocated to one of three intervention groups (natural grass, artificial turf, or synthetic surface) or a no-training control group. The intervention groups completed a supervised, eight-week running program with standardized frequency and progression. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to quantify knee muscular co-contraction during treadmill running at a controlled speed. General co-contraction and directed flexor-extensor co-contraction indices were computed over discrete stance sub-phases (heel-contact, mid-stance, and push-off) using established processing pipelines. Assessments were performed pre- and post-intervention by the same blinded operators. Group-by-time effects were examined for primary outcomes, with alpha set at 0.05. Result: No significant changes emerged for general knee co-contraction across time or between groups. In contrast, significant group-by-time interactions were observed for directed flexor-extensor co-contraction during mid-stance (p = 0.035) and push-off (p = 0.020), indicating that training induced surface-specific neuromuscular adaptations rather than uniform joint stiffening. A main effect of time was also noted at heel-contact (p = 0.050), consistent with a generalized training-related modulation early in the stance phase. Collectively, these patterns suggest that extended exposure to distinct surfaces selectively re-tunes knee muscle coordination strategies in individuals with OPF without globally increasing co-contraction. Conclusion: Eight weeks of running training on different surfaces prompted targeted adjustments in knee flexor-extensor coordination in runners with OPF, while general co-contraction remained unchanged. Although such adaptations may be beneficial for control, they might not fully mitigate injury risk in this at-risk population. Individualized surface selection alongside integrative neuromuscular conditioning should be considered in rehabilitation and return-to-running planning for individuals with OPF.

https://www.traumamon.com/article_244303_df20af20b58cf9ddf6add2833c94d977.pdf

Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma Research Trauma Monthly 2251-7464 31 1 2026 01 01 Evaluate the Core Decompression by Drilling Method Outcome with and Without Bone Marrow for Treatment of Kienbock Disease 1701 1707 244304 10.30491/tm.2026.488026.1782 EN Mohammad Kazem Emami Maybodi Trauma Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-3795-5428 Hamidreza Dehghan Manshadi Trauma Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sajjad Mohammad Nabi Trauma Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hamid Hesarikia Trauma Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-8681-8003 Jaber Soleymani Amiri Trauma Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2024 11 10 Introduction: Kienbock disease is defined by avascular necrosis of the lunate bone. If left untreated, the condition often progresses, leading to bone collapse, wrist shortening, and the need for ankle fusion. In this study, we performed a novel surgical method for treating Kienbock disease. We evaluated and compared the outcomes of lunate decompression with and without bone marrow injection in patients affected by Kienbock disease. Method: In this study, 20 patients with Kienbock disease stages I to IIIa were assessed in two groups: one group received core lunate decompression. In contrast, the other group underwent core lunate decompression followed by an injection of bone marrow. This study took place from April 2015 to April 2016. The researchers assessed the patient's pain levels, range of motion, functional disability, and radiographic indices before and one year after the procedure. Result: The average age of patients in the Bone Marrow (BM) group was 35.66 years (standard deviation: 13.02), compared to 30.33 years (standard deviation: 0.66) in the control group (P = 0.126). The mean postoperative Mayo score for the BM group was 88.12 (standard deviation: 6.51), while the control group had a mean score of 76.66 (standard deviation: 2.88) (P = 0.126). Additionally, the mean postoperative performance score in the BM group was 24.37 (standard deviation: 1.76), compared to 18.33 (standard deviation: 2.88) in the control group (P = 0.09). Bone vascularization and mineralization were more significant in the BM group than in the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that core lunate decompression is an effective treatment for Kienbock disease. The outcomes in the BM group were significantly better than those in the control group. Additionally, improvements in bone density and radiological changes were observed in the BM group. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up durations are necessary for a more comprehensive evaluation of the BM treatment.

https://www.traumamon.com/article_244304_146267dd2fdcb61b1c6326a3ff3575d4.pdf

Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma Research Trauma Monthly 2251-7464 31 1 2026 01 01 Efficacy of Chevron Osteotomy Versus SERI Method for Moderate Hallux Valgus treatment: A Non-Randomized Clinical Trial 1708 1715 243074 10.30491/tm.2025.510313.1809 EN Keivan Asadi Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohsen Motalebi Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Yousef Hatefnia Orthopedic Resident, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Amirhosein Nourbakhsh Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javanbakht Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Science Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Abbaszadeh Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-2073-8550 Journal Article 2025 03 03 Introduction: Hallux valgus is a prevalent deformity of the forefoot, characterized by deviation of the great toe (hallux) toward the second toe and prominence of the metatarsal, along with the formation of a bony structure known as a bunion on the medial edge of the foot. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the efficacy, VAS pain scale scores, and patient satisfaction between the Chevron and SERI (Simple, Effective, Rapid, Inexpensive) surgical techniques in the correction and treatment of moderate hallux valgus. Method: This was a non-randomized clinical trial of 70 patients who underwent surgery for correction of hallux valgus using one of two techniques (Chevron technique, n = 35; SERI technique, n = 35) at Baqiyatallah Hospital in the second half of 2022. The hallux valgus angle (HVA) and intermetatarsal angle (IMA) were measured preoperatively and one year after the operation using radiographic and medical records. Patient pain levels were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and subjective satisfaction was also assessed. Both parameters were evaluated and documented in patients' medical records. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26, with comparisons made using the t-test and chi-square test. Result: In the preoperative evaluation, the mean intermetatarsal angle (IMA) was 12.97 ± 1.70 (range: 11.27–14.67) in the SERI group and 12.08 ± 1.24 (range: 10.84–13.32) in the Chevron group. The mean preoperative hallux valgus angle (HVA) was 32.80 ± 3.26 (range: 29.54–36.06) in the SERI group and 32.17 ± 1.94 (range: 30.23–34.11) in the Chevron group. At the one-year postoperative follow-up, the mean IMA was 8.14 ± 1.50 (range: 7.64–10.64) in the SERI group and 9.37 ± 1.03 (range: 8.34–10.40) in the Chevron group. The mean postoperative HVA was 10.28 ± 1.60 (range: 8.68–11.88) in the SERI group and 14.4 ± 1.41 (range: 12.99–15.81) in the Chevron group. Postoperative HVA and IMA measurements showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The SERI group experienced significantly lower pain levels compared to the Chevron osteotomy group (P < 0.05). Additionally, patient satisfaction was significantly higher in the SERI group compared to the Chevron group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the SERI technique provides higher patient satisfaction and lower pain levels compared to the Chevron technique at the one-year follow-up. This study showed better surgical outcomes with the SERI technique for moderate hallux valgus.

https://www.traumamon.com/article_243074_de6bac9be9aa91d52a6a02e6bcb17a8a.pdf

Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma Research Trauma Monthly 2251-7464 31 1 2026 01 01 Pediatric Head Trauma in Traffic and Non-Traffic Accidents: Epidemiology, Prevention, Management, and Diagnosis 1716 1726 244305 10.30491/tm.2026.510651.1811 EN Rezvaneh Varasteh Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Rasht, Iran 0009-0004-0848-2312 Hadiseh Azizi Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Rasht, Iran 0009-0000-9013-9126 Tahoura Pourakbary Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Rasht, Iran Fateme Rahmati Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Rasht, Iran 0009-0009-4026-9972 Shiva Mohammadjani Kumeleh Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0009-0002-0140-2039 Javad Vatani Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Rasht, Iran 0000-0002-7234-4991 Journal Article 2025 03 04 Introduction: This systematic review investigates pediatric head trauma caused by traffic and non-traffic accidents, focusing on epidemiology, prevention, management, and diagnosis in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Head trauma in children most commonly results from falls or traffic accidents. To reduce the number of head injuries, wearing seat belts and using child restraint seats are recommended. In most cases, computed tomography (CT) is used to detect intracranial bleeding; however, due to the potential risk of various types of cancer, the effectiveness of other diagnostic tools, as well as prevention and management methods, is being considered.

https://www.traumamon.com/article_244305_7aed6e25ca29075808e15acdf43644e5.pdf

Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma Research Trauma Monthly 2251-7464 31 1 2026 01 01 Therapeutic Effects of Baneh Gum (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) Extract on Immunological and Histopathological Alterations in an Experimental Model of Ulcerative Colitis 1727 1736 244306 10.30491/tm.2025.527334.1844 EN Majid Mirzaei Nodoushan Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-8180-1031 Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh Applied Virology Research Center, Biomedicine Technologies Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-8562-2295 Ebrahim Salimi-Sabour Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-5315-2126 Mohammad Amrollahi-Sharifabadi Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran. 0000-0002-4458-7689 Javad Raouf Sarshori Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-8155-1573 Alireza Shahriary Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0003-3240-9591 Journal Article 2025 05 31 Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common inflammatory bowel disease that presents significant therapeutic challenges, including adverse drug effects and high treatment costs. Natural-derived agents, such as herbal products, may provide new treatment avenues. This study evaluated the effects of Baneh gum extract (BGE) on immunologic and histopathologic changes in an experimental UC model. Method: UC was induced using acetic acid in BALB/c mice. Forty mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): the first group served as a control (no treatment); the second and third groups received BGE before (pre-BGE) and after (post-BGE) disease induction, respectively; and the fourth group received mesalazine. After 10 days, the mice were euthanized, and the levels of inflammatory biomarkers, including myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were measured. In addition, histopathologic examinations were performed according to standard protocols. Result: Our results showed that BGE significantly reduced the production of mediators and inflammatory cytokines, including myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, in an experimental mouse model of acetic acid-induced UC. Histopathological changes were also significantly alleviated by BGE in this model. Conclusion: Our findings support the beneficial use of BGE by attenuating the histopathological and immunological perturbations induced by this experimental animal model of UC. The study highlights the therapeutic promise of BGE, a natural product, in reducing inflammation and tissue damage associated with UC. Further research is needed to establish its clinical efficacy and safety in human patients.

https://www.traumamon.com/article_244306_57e358964e8351138a30195503b21886.pdf