Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746425620201101Job Burnout and COVID-19 Pandemic among Intensive Care Nurses23423512536510.30491/tm.2021.264714.1217ENAkramParandehMedicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Faculty of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHadiKhoshmohabatTrauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-4881-8613Journal Article20201008Letterhttps://www.traumamon.com/article_125365_b6c979d92066daf06f18f1789b370a7a.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746425620201101Comparison of the effect of Nano Ostrich Eggshell and Hydroxyapatite on Bone Defect Healing in Rat Calvaria23624212275910.30491/tm.2021.215315.1055ENRoyaRezaeianDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranHamid RezaMoslemiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranMahmoodAhmadi HamedaniDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranSaharGhaffari KhalighDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, IranJournal Article20200111<strong>Background:</strong> Fracture healing is important in medicine; thus seeking new techniques with fewer side effects to improve the speed of the healing is prudent.<br /> <strong>Objectives:</strong> This experimental study sought to assess the effect of the nano ostrich eggshell (N-OES) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composite on bone defect healing in rat calvaria.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> In this study, a 7-mm bone defect was created in the calvaria of 45 male Sprague–Dawley rats. The animals were randomly divided into three groups, and the defects in each group were filled with N-OES, HA, or as a control group. The animals were euthanized and histological and serological assessments were carried out at 14, 28 and 42 days after the operation.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> At 14 and 28 days after the operation, in the edges of the defect, there was a significant difference between the treatment and control groups (p ≤ 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences between N-OES and HA treatment groups (p > 0.05). At this time, in the center of the defect, there was a statistically significant difference between the N-OES group with HA and control groups (p ≤ 0.05). On day 42, no significant difference in the edges of the defect was observed between all groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the center of the defect between the N-OES group with HA and control groups (p ≤ 0.05). Results of the serological assessment indicated that the applied treatments increased the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase.<br /> <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results of this study indicate the potential efficacy of nano ostrich eggshell as a bone substitute in rat calvaria defects.https://www.traumamon.com/article_122759_1eae8f370a3aa406f95fc8ca38026adc.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746425620201101Spontaneous Breathing Trial with Pressure Support-Ventilation versus “T-Tube” for Head Trauma Patient: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial24324812288010.30491/tm.2021.228558.1105ENLeiliYekefallahAssociate Professor, Department of Intensive Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranPeymanNamdarAssistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranSiamakYaghoubiAnesthesiologist, Associated Professor, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IranSarehMohammadiMaster of Intensive Care Nursing, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran0000-0003-3937-9524Journal Article20200425<strong>Background:</strong> Assessing patients’ readiness for weaning through spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is a reliable method for improving weaning and extubation outcomes. Until now, there are controversies over the best SBT method.<br /> <strong>Objective:</strong> This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of the T-piece and pressure support ventilation (PSV) SBT methods among patients with traumatic brain injury.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> In this randomized controlled trial, 72 patients under mechanical ventilation were purposively recruited from the intensive care unit of Shahid Rajaei hospital, Qazvin, Iran, and randomly allocated to an intervention and a control group. SBT was conducted in the intervention and control groups through the T-piece and PSV (with pressure support of less than 8 cm H<sub>2</sub>O), respectively. The groups were compared with each other respecting weaning outcomes, extubation success, length of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, and mortality rate. Data were compared using the Chi-square and the independent-sample <em>t</em>-tests.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Weaning success rate in the T-piece group was significantly greater than the PSV group (P=0.024), while the post-weaning length of hospital stay in the T-piece group was significantly shorter than the PSV group (P=0.05). There were no significant differences in respecting extubation success rate and length of mechanical ventilation between the groups (P>0.05).<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The T-piece method for SBT could be better tolerated by patients with traumatic brain injury compared with PSV.https://www.traumamon.com/article_122880_84897987d99c64376bbf9ce8142b6446.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746425620201101Determining Functional Preparedness of Selected Military Hospitals in Response to Disasters24925312212410.30491/tm.2021.229013.1106ENEsmailHeidaranluTrauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-4420-8754FatemehHabibiTrauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAliMoradiTrauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranLeilaLotfianTrauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200428<strong>Background:</strong> Iran is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. <span>Hospital readiness is important for providing services to patients in times of crisis and can be considered an important indicator in crisis management</span>.<br /> <strong>Objectives:</strong> The present study was conducted to determine the functional preparedness of selected military hospitals in response to tragedy and disasters.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted in two AJA-military hospitals in Tehran in 2020. A random sampling method was used to select hospitals. A checklist of functional preparedness of hospitals in response to disasters was used to collect data. Data were analyzed and coded with SPSS software.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> According to the results, the mean and standard deviation of the functional preparedness score for hospitals A and B were 86.17±4.24 and 81.76±10.52, respectively, and the total average score was 83.97±8.21, which indicated good conditions. The results of the independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference in the preparedness between the two studied hospitals (p=0.124). In hospital A, Recovery after Disaster, Increase capacity and Continuation of vital services and in hospital B, Support and Procurement Management, Continuation of vital services and Human resources areas had the lowest level of readiness.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the results, the studied hospitals were weak in functional preparedness, and hence should be repaired and improved in this field.https://www.traumamon.com/article_122124_e93d120f14b7957d9ecabc76d54f8afe.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746425620201101Cluster Approach Model for Promoting Coordination in Humanitarian Aid; Following the Kermanshah Earthquake, Iran, 201725426112212310.30491/tm.2020.255724.1196ENImanFarahi-AshtianiDepartment of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6183-1380ZohrehGhomianWorkplace Health Promotion Research Center (WHPRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDavoudPiraniDepartment of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3386-7669BayramNejati-ZarnaqiDepartment of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8015-5034Journal Article20201003<strong>Background:</strong> The Cluster model is designed as a solution to promote humanitarian response management. This approach is used as an effective model for cooperation and participation of the relevant aid organizations.<br /> <strong>Objective:</strong> This study aimed to identify the type and method of humanitarian aid to support people affected by the Kermanshah earthquake and discuss the importance of the cluster approach in humanitarian response.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the data were collected in two steps. First, NEWS and national reports were reviewed and then scientific articles were reviewed for the use of cluster approach for humanitarian aids in disaster. Finally, the findings were compared with the cluster approach of humanitarian aid and analyzed gap and duplication issues in the humanitarian aid related to the Kermanshah earthquake.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Findings showed 308 pieces of NEWS and reports on humanitarian aid transmission were found, 38 % (33) of which were from government agencies and 62% from non-governmental institutes. A review of the NEWS agencies revealed that 150 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and 33 government agencies had helped Kermanshah by sending financial and non-financial aids. Therefore, the cluster approach is necessary for improving humanitarian responses in developing countries, especially countries located in disaster-prone zones. Therefore, the cluster model can be used in the social donation and can be managed by volunteer organizations during disasters for collecting and transferring the donations.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The Cluster model is designed as a solution to promote humanitarian response management. This approach is used as an effective model for cooperation and participation of the relevant aid organizations. There are currently 11 clusters including agriculture, camp management, rapid recovery, education, shelter, telecommunications, health, support, water and sanitation, nutrition, protection and health.https://www.traumamon.com/article_122123_ab5adb174a2b4f020b1bf8fa5b92f3fb.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746425620201101Effects of Probiotics on Prevalence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Multitrauma Patients Hospitalized in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit: A Randomized Clinical Trial26226812212910.30491/tm.2021.250469.1176ENBehroozNazariDepartment of Orthopedics, Shohada Medical Research & Training Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranLeilaAmaniMSc Of in Community Health Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, IranLoghmanGhaderiDepartment of Surgery, Medicine Faculty, Kordestan University of Medical Sciences, Kordestan, IranMehdiKhanbabayi GolMSc in Nursing Education, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0003-3231-9326Journal Article20200928<strong>Background:</strong> Probiotics may have a role in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) by inhibiting the natural flora from transforming into pathogenic flora.<br /> <strong>Objective:</strong> Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics on the prevalence of VAP in multitrauma patients hospitalized in a neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU).<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> This randomized clinical trial was performed between 2018 and 2019 with the participation of 150 patients hospitalized in theNeurosurgical ICU. After randomizing the participants (using the permutable blocking method) into the intervention (probiotic) and control (placebo) groups, the interventions were implemented. The participants received one capsule every 12 hours by gavage and their VAP symptoms were evaluated and recorded. Data were inputted into SPSS22 and then compared using the chi-square, independent t-test, Fisher's exact tests, and repeated measures ANOVA.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of VAP was significantly lower in the intervention group than the control group (p=0.001). A significant difference was observed between the two groups in pH (p=0.029) and WBC (p=0.042). The between-group difference was not significant in other variables.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Probiotics are effective in reducing the prevalence of VAP in trauma patients hospitalized in ICU.https://www.traumamon.com/article_122129_fe505d013f9b30b3ce262582b8890b6f.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746425620201101COVID-19 Infection Diagnosis Incidentally in Orthopedic Trauma Patients: Report of Six Cases26927412030810.30491/tm.2020.233786.1131ENMohammad MehdiOmidianDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-9416-2160HasanBaratiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7742-507xFarshidDehkhodaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1579-3552AlirezaNajahiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranNegarNikzadSchool of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranZahraSoroureddinSchool of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranJournal Article20200602The outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and has spread worldwide rapidly. In this case series study, we evaluated orthopedic patients who referred to the orthopedic trauma ward of Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran, as a central hospital for both orthopedic trauma and COVID-19 patients from the beginning of the outbreak of COVID-19 in Iran. We incidentally detected six cases of COVID-19 infection during work-up for trauma management. These patients were managed and treated for both COVID-19 infection and trauma.https://www.traumamon.com/article_120308_7beb4ce79c7d7dc86f2512f42e855dbe.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746425620201101Vision Zero: Evolution History and Developing Trend in Road Safety: A Scoping Review27528612213010.30491/tm.2020.244740.1166ENHamidSafarpourDepartment of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6442-6081DavoudKhorasani-ZavarehSkull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6265-8148HamidSooriSafety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3775-1831KamranBagheri LankaraniHealth Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranZohrehGhomianDepartment of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranRezaMohammadiDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden0000-0003-2294-9316Journal Article20200821<strong>Background:</strong> Vision Zero is a public policy approach that aims to achieve a road traffic system with no fatalities or serious injuries caused by road traffic crashes (RTCs).<br /> <strong>Objective:</strong> This study aimed to investigate the history of Vision Zero's evolution and trends in road safety worldwide.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> This scoping review was conducted based on the Arksey and O’Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute framework. This framework consists of five steps: research question identification; identifying relevant studies; selection of study; data charting; gathering, summarizing, and reporting the results.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Finally, 37 articles met the inclusion criteria. The trending of deaths caused by RTCs in the countries implementing Vision Zero shows a decline. There is an intercountry variation with the most substantial decrease in Sweden.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Vision Zero has had an evolutionary development in many countries. Due to the significant impact of the implementation of Vision Zero, many countries are seeking to adopt or implement this approach. Although there are some challenges in implementing Vision Zero in different countries but based on its philosophy, there is a growing rate for implementing it in different settings.https://www.traumamon.com/article_122130_978fc0a198c2e1b18a49ed212176c76a.pdf