Official Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746417420121201The Long and Winding Road (Part 2)3633649982810.5812/traumamon.9497ENShahramNazeraniJournal Article19700101https://www.traumamon.com/article_99828_56ef56c13e86786f099fa183b1a3be52.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746417420121201Comprehensive Management of Maxillofacial Projectile Injuries at the First Operation; "Picking up the Pieces"3653669982910.5812/traumamon.9279ENMohammad HoseinKalantar MotamediJournal Article19700101https://www.traumamon.com/article_99829_721f379e9defc4d7686e7d2ab93a9d77.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746417420121201Deep Vein Thrombosis Following Below Knee Immobilization: The Need for Chemoprophylaxis3673699983010.5812/traumamon.9158ENAlirezaManafi RasiGholamhosseinKazemianMohammadEmami MoghadamRezaTavakoli LarestaniAmirhosseinFallahiAliNematiMaryamNazariFatemeFallahiSaeedSafariJournal Article19700101Background: There is controversy regarding routine prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients treated via a short leg cast or splint following lower extremity trauma. Objectives: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of DVT and need for chemoprophylaxis in these patients. Materials and Methods: Patients with ankle sprains or stable foot/ankle fractures were entered in this cross-sectional study. Serum D-dimer levels were measured 2 weeks following fixation. If the D-dimer levels were above 0.2 micrograms/ml the test was considered positive and the patient was referred for Doppler ultrasound examination (DUE) to confirm or rule out the diagnosis of DVT. Finally, the incidence of DVT was calculated and the role of predisposing factors was investigated. Results: There were 95 patients with an average age of 38 ± 13.7 (77.9% males); 46 patients had at least one risk factor for DVT. The D-dimer test was positive in 21(22.1%) patients. DVT was confirmed by DUE in 3 patients (3.1%). The incidence of DVT significantly increased in the presence of 3 or more risk factors (P = 0.01). Conclusions: It seems that DVT is not a common complication of below knee fixation and chemoprophylaxis is not necessary when the patient has less than 3 predisposing factors. With 3 or more risk factors chemoprophylaxis and periodic follow-ups must be considered.https://www.traumamon.com/article_99830_8d9caf5976bcf9014f3611c5ebe4cf12.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746417420121201Mental Health Levels and Incidence of Musculoskeletal Complaints among Speed Boat Crew Members3733769983110.5812/traumamon.8177ENFarzanehZigheimatAbbasEbadiFatemehRahmati NajarkolaeiMohammadMalakotiFarhadKheiri TootkalehJournal Article19700101Background: The occupational health is an important issue. In some jobs, the working conditions contribute to musculoskeletal complaints and the overall health of the individual is compromised. Musculoskeletal complaints have gained credence in the public as one of the most important problems in the field of occupational diseases. Physical and mental health of crew members with critical jobs and stressful environments must be considered as well. Objectives: This study performed an assessment on levels of mental health and the correlation with the frequency of accompanying musculoskeletal complaints (such as neck, back and knee pain) of crew members of speed boats. Material and Methods: 149 onboard crew members of speed boats were recruited in a descriptive-correlation study by nonrandom sampling using conducted GHQ12, NMQ and demographic questionnaires. Results: Although 63.8% (95 people) had what is conventionally defined as normal mental health, 36.2% (54 cases) had an inherent mental health condition. Overall, 61.1% (91 cases) suffered from back pain, 60.4% (90 cases) complained of knee pain, and 40.3% (60 patients) complained of neck pain. The combination of knee and back pain (48.3%) were the most common complaints whereas the combination of neck and knee pain (31.5%) were the least frequent; 28.2% complained of pain in all three areas. Interestingly, there was correlation between the presence of musculoskeletal complaints and less than optimum mental health. Conclusions: Due to the high number of musculoskeletal complaints and the compromised mental health conditions among one-third of the onboard crew members of speed boats, attention for maintaining and improving the health of these members must be considered.https://www.traumamon.com/article_99831_901c80c227545c9760281fa0807de7c1.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746417420121201Sonographic Detection of Abdominal Free Fluid: Emergency Residents vs Radiology Residents3773799983210.5812/traumamon.5476ENMajidShojaeeGholamrezaFaridaalaeeAnitaSabzghabaeiSaeedSafariHamidMansoorifarAliArhamidolatabadiFatemehKeyghobadiJournal Article19700101Background: Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) has become a part of initial examinations in trauma care at emergency departments (ED). Objectives: The goal of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of FASTs performed by emergency residents (ER) in detection of abdominal free fluid following blunt trauma. Materials and Methods: In this study, the reports of ERs performing FASTs on 286 admitted patients following blunt trauma were compared with those of radiology residents (RR) in relation to presence of abdominal free fluid. In addition, the reports of the two resident groups were compared with the final abdominal outcome, based on the results of abdominal computed tomography (CT) and clinical follow up. Results: The ERs had reported abdominal free fluid in 20 (6.9%) patients while RRs performing FAST had positive results in 22 (7.6%) patients. The reports of FASTs revealed significant correlation between the two resident groups (P < 0.001). ERs performing FASTs had 90% sensitivity and 98.5% specificity in comparison to RRs sonography reports. Furthermore, ER-performed FASTs had 96.5% accuracy in relation to final outcome. Conclusions: Following training, ED residents can perform FAST with high accuracy and specificity, similar to RR residents, in patients with blunt abdominal trauma.https://www.traumamon.com/article_99832_d74782f0751ddbf0f54d53d417b367ea.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746417420121201Outcomes of Pin and Plaster Versus Locking Plate in Distal Radius Intraarticular Fractures3803859983310.5812/traumamon.7951ENMahmoudBahari-KashaniMohammad HoseinTaraz-JamshidyHassanRahimiHamiAshrafMasoudMirkazemyAmirrezaFatehiMariamAsadianJafarRezazadeJournal Article19700101Background: Distal radius fractures are among the most prevalent fractures predictive of probable occurrence of other osteoporotic fractures. They are treated via a variety of methods, but the best treatment has not been defined yet. Objectives: This study was performed to compare the results of open reduction and internal fixation with locking plates versus the pin and plaster method. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 114 patients aged 40 to 60 years with Fernandez type III fracture referring to Imam-Reza and Mehr hospitals of Mashhad from 2009 to 2011, were selected randomly; after obtaining informed consent, they were treated with pin and plaster fixation (n = 57) or internal fixation with the volar locking plate (n = 57). They were compared at the one year follow up. Demographic features and standard radiographic indices were recorded and MAYO, DASH and SF - 36 tests were performed. Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 13, with descriptive indices, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests. Results: SF-36 test demonstrated a better general health (P < 0.001), mental health (P = 0.006), physical functioning (P < 0.001), social functioning (P < 0.001) and energy/fatigue (P < 0.001) in LCP group. However, pain (P = 0.647) was not significantly different between the groups. Physical limitation (P < 0.001) and emotional limitation (P < 0.001) were greater in the pin and plaster group. Also, in the LCP group mean MAYO score (P < 0.001) was more than pin and plaster group. Mean DASH score was not different between the groups (P = 0.218). The rate of acceptable results of radiographic indices (P < 0.001), grip strength (P < 0.001) and range of motion in supination-pronation (P < 0.001) in LCP method were better than the pin and plaster method. Conclusions: In treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures in middle-aged patients internal fixation with locking plates may be prefered to pin and plaster as the treatment of choice.https://www.traumamon.com/article_99833_d2abdf99c511d85536f600fc06228105.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746417420121201Local Erythropoietin Injection in Tibiofibular Fracture Healing3863889983410.5812/traumamon.7099ENHoomanBakhshiGholamhosseinKazemianMohammadEmamiAliNematiHosseinKarimi YarandiFarshadSafdariJournal Article19700101Background: Erythropoietin (EPO), in addition to its function as an erythropoiesis regulator has a regenerative activity on some nonhematopoietic tissues. Animal studies have suggested a role for erythropoietin in bone healing. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of local EPO injection in healing of tibiofibular fractures. Materials and Methods: In a prospective double blind study, 60 patients with tibiofibular fracture were divided to equal EPO or placebo groups, randomly. Patients received local injection of either EPO or a placebo to the site of fracture two weeks after surgical fixation. Patients were followed by clinical and radiographic examination to determine the union rate. The period of fracture union and incidence of nonunion were compared between the two groups. Results: The demographic data and types of fractures were similar in the both groups. The mean duration of the fracture union was 2.1 weeks shorter in those treated with EPO (P = 0.01). Nonunion was observed in 6 patients of the control group and 2 receiving EPO (P = 0.02). No patient experienced any adverse effect from local EPO injections. Conclusions: EPO injection into the site of tibiofibular fractures may possibly accelerate healinghttps://www.traumamon.com/article_99834_bc1dc12a2240cdacd2ed3ee02898a8f8.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746417420121201Trauma-related Therapeutic Procedures at Shohada Trauma Center in Tabriz3893929983510.5812/traumamon.7737ENHomayounSadeghi-BazarganiSaberAzami-AghdashBehradZiapourRezaDeljavanJournal Article19700101Background: To decrease the burden of injuries it is essential to have an overview of trauma patterns and its management at regional trauma centers. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate some patterns of trauma and trauma-related therapeutic interventions at our trauma center. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 19530 trauma cases admitted to the emergency department and hospital wards of Shohada University Hospital during 2007-2008 were assessed. Results: Of the 19530 trauma cases, 14960(76.7%) were males. Mean (SD) of age was 31(19.9) years. The elderly aged 65 and above, comprised 10% (1953) of the participants; while 44 were infants. Falls and traffic injuries were the most common cause of injuries among trauma patients. Most of the mortalities were men comprising 74% of the 57 deaths. Reduction of fractures and dislocations were the most common types of operations among trauma patients. Conclusions: Young men form the target group for possible interventions to decrease the burden of trauma following falls and traffic accidents.https://www.traumamon.com/article_99835_a774bcd73f9823c8c1520e7039bd30c8.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746417420121201Autologous Blood Injection for Treatment of Tennis Elbow3933959983610.5812/traumamon.5095ENMahmoodKarimi MobarakehAliNematiAmirhosseinFallahiSaeidSafariJournal Article19700101Background: Tennis elbow (TE) is a common myotendinosis. It was first described by Runge in 1873; different modes of treatment are used in management of TE. Objectives: This study aimed to report the results of autologous blood injection (ABI) in the treatment of TE. Materials and Methods: A prospective case study was performed to evaluate the results of ABI in the management of TE. The level of pain based on Nirschl phase scale (NPS) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) was calculated before and 1, 3 and 6 months after injection; then satisfaction was assessed. Results: Twenty-nine patients with diagnosed TE were treated by ABI (24% males, 76 % female). The mean age of the patients was 44.1 ± 5.2 years. The level of pain on VAS decreased from 6.46 ± 2.08 to 0.54 ± 0.7 (P=0.001) and on NPS from 6.15 ± 1.48 to 0.54 ± 0.76 (P = 0.001) 6 months after treatment. At the end of the study, 84% of patients expressed a high level of satisfaction. Conclusions: Given the acceptable outcomes, autologous blood injection can be considered a good treatment option for TE when traditional treatment has fails.https://www.traumamon.com/article_99836_711129bd67846cec1e7f26adf3b273bf.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746417420121201Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Intraarticular Fractures of the Humerus: Evaluation of 33 Cases3964009983710.5812/traumamon.5278ENKeykhosroMardanpourMahtabRahbarJournal Article19700101Background: Standard treatment of type C elbow fractures is open reduction and internal fixation using reconstruction plates and pins. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome following internal fixation of intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus (AO Type C) with a minimum follow-up of three years. A retrospective evaluation was undertaken. Patients and Methods: Thirty-three patients (28 males, 5 females; mean age 34.3years) type C elbow fractures were treated and observed over a period of three years. Six fractures were open and 27 closed; causes were falls (7 cases), traffic accidents (22 cases) and altercation (4 cases). All operations were performed using a posterior approach with an olecranon osteotomy. Mean duration of follow-up was 18 months (range 6–36). Mean duration of fracture healing was 2.3 months (range 2–4). Functional outcomes were assessed by Jupiter criteria. Results: Excellent results were found in 69.7% (23 cases), very good reaults and good results were found in the remaining 30.3% (10 cases). Three of 33 patients 9% (3 cases) presented postoperative complications. No patient exhibited symptoms of ulnar nerve injury following surgery. One patient had cubitusvarus deformities and one case had heterotopic ossification. One patient had malunion and one case had deep infection. Conclusions: Complications were minimal and outcomes were satisfactory in patients with type C distal humerus fractures who underwent bilateral plate fixation via a posterior approach.https://www.traumamon.com/article_99837_6411b40320f35aac71f2a11308686aec.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746417420121201Tendon Transfer in Hand Trauma: A Case Report4014039983810.5812/traumamon.7578ENHosseinSaremiAliKarbalaeikhaniJournal Article19700101In this report we describe our encounter of a case of hand trauma referred to our center presenting with incomplete left thumb amputation at metacarpal level with extensor pollicis longus (EPL) and flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon avulsion from the tenomuscular junction. After metacarpal bone fixation the ulnar digital artery was anastomosed and the digital nerves were coapted. Transfer of extensor indicis proprius (EIP) to EPL and side-to-side suturing of the FPL to the deep flexor tendon of the index finger were performed.https://www.traumamon.com/article_99838_cf5536b78bfeefa9be669cdb50e32606.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746417420121201Non-Anatomical Surgical Solutions for Difficult Non-Unions: Case Series4044089983910.5812/traumamon.8563ENGalalZaki SaidOsama AhmedFaroukHatemGalal SaidMohamed MostafaMohamed El-SharkawiJournal Article19700101Non-union occurs when bone healing ceases and does not continue without some type of intervention. Classification of non-union is traditionally based on the amount of callus or bone healing at the fracture site. Successful treatment of non-union often depends on appropriate reduction and realignment of the fracture, bone grafting if necessary, and stabilization. This may not be possible in some neglected and complicated non-unions. Under these circumstances, modification of the standard techniques or a limited surgical interference, that might not be anatomical, may succeed in improving function. We present four cases of non-anatomical salvage solutions for difficult long bone non-unions with satisfactory functional outcome.https://www.traumamon.com/article_99839_204d973b8e717ed5bc2e30f726a5ecff.pdfOfficial Publication of the National Center for Trauma ResearchTrauma Monthly2251-746417420121201Posterior Hip Dislocation Associated with Posterior Wall Acetabular Fracture and Ipsilateral Intertrochantric Fracture: a Very Rare Case Report4094119984010.5812/traumamon.8520ENAhmadYousefHamiAshrafAliMashhadinezhadAliBirjandinejadJournal Article19700101Traumatic hip dislocations are common in high-energy motor vehicle accidents. We present a case of a 43-year old man who sustained posterior hip dislocation with posterior wall acetabular fracture and ipsilateral intertrochantric fracture following a motorcycle accident. Urgent open reduction and internal fixation of the hip fracture-dislocation and fixation of intertrochantric fracture with a dynamic hip screw were done. To our knowledge, such an injury has been rarely reported in the literature. Possible mechanisms of injury and operative procedures are discussed. Radiographic follow-up after eight months showed union. No major complications were observed in our patient.https://www.traumamon.com/article_99840_c06685da3174c8e5562202dea93d48ee.pdf